一步步完整搭建一个图纸管理系统(Django+Vue3)

图纸管理系统

一、初步构建后端项目

1、打开已经创建好的虚拟环境:激活activate(推荐使用虚拟环境)并创建项目

2、导入vs code中,项目环境大致如下:

需要将终端改成虚拟环境的解释器后,简单试运行:

3、创建子app(图纸管理系统模块)

由于我们把子项目都放在apps里面了(方便统一管理)所以注册要加入一段配置

4、创建数据库

一定要注意格式

5、设置Django连接数据库

(1)安装pymysql

pip install pymysql

(2)gveInformationSystem/settings中进行相关配置

DATABASES = {
 'default': {
 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
 'NAME': 'StudentDB',
 'USER': 'root',
 'PASSWORD': '123456',
 'HOST': 'localhost',
 'PORT': '3306',
 }
}

(3)需要在init.py导入pymysql

6、创建数据库表内容

(在:apps/DrawingManagementSystem/models.py)

from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
# === 图纸管理系统 models
# 传感器分类--sensor, 项目--project, 资料-data, 图纸信息-drawing
# 公有创建时间和修改时间
class TimestampMode(models.Model):
 """
 An abstract base class model that provides selfupdating ``created`` and ``modified`` fields.
 """
 created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
 modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
 class Meta:
 abstract = True # it's very important to add this line
# === 传感器类 --- Sensor:Id,name,created,modified
class Sensor(TimestampMode):
 sensor_name = models.CharField(verbose_name="传感器名称", max_length=50, unique=True, null=False, blank=False)
 # create_time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now().replace(microsecond=0))
 class Meta:
 db_table = "Draw_Sensor"
 managed = True
 app_label = "DrawingManagementSystem"
 def __str__(self):
 return "%s" % (self.sensor_name)
# === 项目类 --- project:Id,name,created,modified
class Project(TimestampMode):
 project_name = models.CharField(verbose_name="项目名称", max_length=50, unique=True, null=False, blank=False)
 sensor = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所属传感器", to=Sensor, on_delete=models.PROTECT)
 class Meta:
 db_table = "Draw_Project"
 managed = True
 app_label = "DrawingManagementSystem"
 def __str__(self):
 return "%s" % (self.project_name)
# === 资料类 --- data:ID,name,created,modified
class Data(TimestampMode):
 data_name = models.CharField(verbose_name="资料名称", max_length=50, unique=True, null=False, blank=False)
 sensor = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所属传感器", to=Sensor, on_delete=models.PROTECT)
 project = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所属项目", to=Project, on_delete=models.PROTECT)
 class Meta:
 db_table = "Draw_Data"
 managed = True
 app_label = "DrawingManagementSystem"
 def __str__(self):
 return "%s" % (self.data_name)
# === 图纸信息 --- drawing:ID(Material_code),drawing_name,created,modified,drawing_spec,drawing_page,drawing_client_id,drawing_remark,drawing_version
class Drawing(TimestampMode):
 material_code = models.CharField(verbose_name="物料编号", max_length=50, blank=False)
 sensor = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所属传感器", to=Sensor, on_delete=models.PROTECT)
 project = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所属项目", to=Project, on_delete=models.PROTECT)
 data = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="所属资料", to=Data, on_delete=models.PROTECT)
 drawing_name = models.CharField(verbose_name="材料名称", max_length=50, blank=False)
 drawing_spec = models.CharField(verbose_name="规格/图纸号", max_length=50, blank=False)
 drawing_page = models.CharField(verbose_name="图纸页数", max_length=50, blank=False)
 drawing_client_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="客户编号", max_length=50)
 drawing_version = models.CharField(verbose_name="版本号", max_length=50, blank=False)
 drawing_remark = models.CharField(verbose_name="备注", max_length=100)
 drawing_url = models.CharField(verbose_name="地址", max_length=100)
 is_deleted = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="逻辑删除0否1是", max_length=10, blank=False, default=0)
 class Meta:
 db_table = "Draw_Drawing"
 managed = True
 app_label = "DrawingManagementSystem"
 def __str__(self):
 return "%s" % (self.drawing_name)

(1)用指令生成数据库

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

完成后代码如下:

7、DRF接口(初步)

(1)DRF的安装和快速实现

安装DjangoRestFramework包

pip install djangorestframework==3.13.0

在settings中导入

序列化:负责对象和json格式的相互转换

​ a获取数据:对象-->Json返回给前端

​ b添加、修改:json-->对象 存储在数据库中

视图:实现后台功能的核心

​ 早期:视图是基于函数--FBV

​ DRF:视图基于类--CBV

路由:路由的匹配

(2)序列化

创建DrawingManagementSystem\serializer.py文件

from rest_framework import serializers
from DrawingManagementSystem.models import Sensor, Project, Data, Drawing
# ----Sensor序列化类----
class SensorSerialzer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 class Meta:
 model = Sensor
 fields = "__all__"
# ____Project序列化类____
class ProjectSerialzer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 class Meta:
 model = Project
 fields = "__all__"
# ____Data序列化类____
class DataSerialzer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 class Meta:
 model = Data
 fields = "__all__"
# ____Drawing序列化类____
class DrawingSerialzer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 class Meta:
 model = Drawing
 fields = "__all__"

(3)编写view.py代码(apps\DrawingManagementSystem\views.py)

# ====== 导入模块 ======
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet # 封装完成的ModelViewset视图集
from DrawingManagementSystem.models import Sensor, Project, Data, Drawing # 具体的类
from DrawingManagementSystem.serializer import SensorSerialzer, ProjectSerialzer, DataSerialzer, DrawingSerialzer # 序列化类
# ---Sensor视图---
class SensorViewSet(ModelViewSet):
 queryset = Sensor.objects.all()
 serializer_class = SensorSerialzer
# ---Project---
class ProjectViewSet(ModelViewSet):
 queryset = Project.objects.all()
 serializer_class = ProjectSerialzer
# ---Data视图---
class DataViewSet(ModelViewSet):
 queryset = Data.objects.all()
 serializer_class = DataSerialzer
# ---Sensor视图---
class DrawingViewSet(ModelViewSet):
 queryset = Drawing.objects.all()
 serializer_class = DrawingSerialzer

(4)编写urls.py代码(apps\DrawingManagementSystem\urls.py)

# ======导入模块======
from django.urls import path
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from DrawingManagementSystem.views import SensorViewSet, ProjectViewSet, DataViewSet, DrawingViewSet
# ====1.实例化一个 DefaultRouter====
router = DefaultRouter()
# ====2.注册相应的url====
# 注册Sensor对象
router.register('Sensors', SensorViewSet, basename='Sensors') # http://127.0.0.1:8080/DrawingApi/v1/Sensors/
# 注册Sensor对象
router.register('Projects', ProjectViewSet, basename='Projects') # http://127.0.0.1:8080/DrawingApi/v1/Projects/
# 注册Sensor对象
router.register('Datas', DataViewSet, basename='Datas') # http://127.0.0.1:8080/DrawingApi/v1/Datas/
# 注册Sensor对象
router.register('Drawings', DrawingViewSet, basename='Drawings') # http://127.0.0.1:8080/DrawingApi/v1/Drawings/
urlpatterns = [
]
# ====3.附加到urlpatterns集合中====
urlpatterns += router.urls

编写总urls.py代码(gveInformationSystemBE\urls.py)

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
urlpatterns = [
 path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
 path('DrawingApi/v1/',include('DrawingManagementSystem.urls')),
]

编写后运行django项目

python manage.py runserver

浏览器输入:http://127.0.0.1:8000/DrawingApi/v1/

可以看到界面如下:

说明简单后端接口已经完成,可以简单测试下:

发现存入的时间是北美市区,将gveInformationSystemBE\settings.py中的USE_TZ = True改为:USE_TZ = False

发现存入的时间是带毫秒:参考解决方法为

或者直接在数据库软件中

可以避免存入毫秒的问题

8、DRF进阶(增删改接口、筛选、搜索、分页)

其实在网址后面加上id,就可以进行数据的删除修改

(1)DRF的筛选

步骤为:

安装:pip install django-filter

pip install django-filter==21.1

注册到installed_apps中

完成filter的筛选类

在apps\DrawingManagementSystem新建filter.py

# =====导入模块=====
from django_filters import FilterSet
from DrawingManagementSystem.models import Sensor, Project, Data, Drawing
# ---Sensor的Filter类---
class SensorFilter(FilterSet):
 class Meta:
 model = Sensor
 fields = ('sensor_name',) # 传感器名称
# ---Project的Filter类---
class ProjectFilter(FilterSet):
 class Meta:
 model = Project
 fields = ('project_name', 'sensor') # 项目名称 所属传感器
# ---Data的Filter类---
class DataFilter(FilterSet):
 class Meta:
 model = Data
 fields = ('data_name', 'sensor', 'project') # 资料名称 所属传感器 所属项目
# ---Drawing的Filter类---
class DrawingFilter(FilterSet):
 class Meta:
 model = Drawing
 fields = ('drawing_name', 'material_code', 'drawing_spec', 'drawing_client_id') # 材料名称、物料编号、规格/图纸号、客户编号

在viewset中添加筛选类

# ====== 导入模块 ======
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet # 封装完成的ModelViewset视图集
from DrawingManagementSystem.models import Sensor, Project, Data, Drawing # 具体的类
from DrawingManagementSystem.serializer import SensorSerialzer, ProjectSerialzer, DataSerialzer, \
 DrawingSerialzer # 序列化类
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend # 实现筛选的后台模块
from DrawingManagementSystem.filter import SensorFilter, ProjectFilter, DataFilter, DrawingFilter
# ---Sensor视图---
class SensorViewSet(ModelViewSet):
 queryset = Sensor.objects.all()
 serializer_class = SensorSerialzer
 # 设定筛选的后台
 filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,)
 # 指定筛选的类
 filter_class = SensorFilter
# ---Project---
class ProjectViewSet(ModelViewSet):
 queryset = Project.objects.all()
 serializer_class = ProjectSerialzer
 # 设定筛选的后台
 filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,)
 # 指定筛选的类
 filter_class = ProjectFilter
# ---Data视图---
class DataViewSet(ModelViewSet):
 queryset = Data.objects.all()
 serializer_class = DataSerialzer
 # 设定筛选的后台
 filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,)
 # 指定筛选的类
 filter_class = DataFilter
# ---Sensor视图---
class DrawingViewSet(ModelViewSet):
 queryset = Drawing.objects.all()
 serializer_class = DrawingSerialzer
 # 设定筛选的后台
 filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,)
 # 指定筛选的类
 filter_class = DrawingFilter

效果如下:

(2)筛选优化——模糊匹配

# =====导入模块=====
from django_filters import FilterSet,filters
from DrawingManagementSystem.models import Sensor, Project, Data, Drawing
# ---Sensor的Filter类---
class SensorFilter(FilterSet):
 # 重新需要支持模糊匹配的字段
 sensor_name = filters.CharFilter(field_name='sensor_name',lookup_expr="icontains")
 class Meta:
 model = Sensor
 fields = ('sensor_name',) # 传感器名称
# ---Project的Filter类---
class ProjectFilter(FilterSet):
 # 重新需要支持模糊匹配的字段
 project_name = filters.CharFilter(field_name='project_name', lookup_expr="icontains")
 class Meta:
 model = Project
 fields = ('project_name', 'sensor') # 项目名称 所属传感器
# ---Data的Filter类---
class DataFilter(FilterSet):
 # 重新需要支持模糊匹配的字段
 data_name = filters.CharFilter(field_name='data_name', lookup_expr="icontains")
 class Meta:
 model = Data
 fields = ('data_name', 'sensor', 'project') # 资料名称 所属传感器 所属项目
# ---Drawing的Filter类---
class DrawingFilter(FilterSet):
 # 重新需要支持模糊匹配的字段
 drawing_name = filters.CharFilter(field_name='drawing_name', lookup_expr="icontains")
 material_code = filters.CharFilter(field_name='material_code', lookup_expr="icontains")
 drawing_spec = filters.CharFilter(field_name='drawing_spec', lookup_expr="icontains")
 drawing_client_id = filters.CharFilter(field_name='drawing_client_id', lookup_expr="icontains")
 class Meta:
 model = Drawing
 fields = ('drawing_name', 'material_code', 'drawing_spec', 'drawing_client_id') # 材料名称、物料编号、规格/图纸号、客户编号

(3)全局加入筛选后台

在gveInformationSystemBE\settings.py中加入

# ======= REST Framework全局设置 ===========
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
 # ==== 设置全局的Filter_Backends ====
 'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': [
 'django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',
 ],
}

这样views.py中就不需要加入

# 设定筛选的后台
 filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,)

修改后代码如下:

# ====== 导入模块 ======
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet # 封装完成的ModelViewset视图集
from DrawingManagementSystem.models import Sensor, Project, Data, Drawing # 具体的类
from DrawingManagementSystem.serializer import SensorSerialzer, ProjectSerialzer, DataSerialzer, \
 DrawingSerialzer # 序列化类
from DrawingManagementSystem.filter import SensorFilter, ProjectFilter, DataFilter, DrawingFilter
# ---Sensor视图---
class SensorViewSet(ModelViewSet):
 queryset = Sensor.objects.all()
 serializer_class = SensorSerialzer
 # 指定筛选的类
 filter_class = SensorFilter
# ---Project---
class ProjectViewSet(ModelViewSet):
 queryset = Project.objects.all()
 serializer_class = ProjectSerialzer
 # 指定筛选的类
 filter_class = ProjectFilter
# ---Data视图---
class DataViewSet(ModelViewSet):
 queryset = Data.objects.all()
 serializer_class = DataSerialzer
 # 指定筛选的类
 filter_class = DataFilter
# ---Sensor视图---
class DrawingViewSet(ModelViewSet):
 queryset = Drawing.objects.all()
 serializer_class = DrawingSerialzer
 # 指定筛选的类
 filter_class = DrawingFilter

(4)加入搜索

筛选【filter】:一个值只能对应一个字段,需要django-filter

搜索【search】;一个值能对应多个字段,DRF自带

在gveInformationSystemBE\settings.py中加入'rest_framework.filters.SearchFilter',

# ======= REST Framework全局设置 ===========
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
 # ==== 设置全局的Filter_Backends ====
 'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': [
 'django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',
 'rest_framework.filters.SearchFilter',
 ],
}

在apps\DrawingManagementSystem\views.py中加入需要搜索匹配的字段

# ---Sensor视图---
class DrawingViewSet(ModelViewSet):
 queryset = Drawing.objects.all()
 serializer_class = DrawingSerialzer
 # 指定筛选的类
 filter_class = DrawingFilter
 # 指定查找匹配的字段
 search_fields = ('drawing_name', 'material_code', 'drawing_spec', 'drawing_client_id')

结果如下:

(5)加入分页

有2种,一种为全局

即在在gveInformationSystemBE\settings.py中加入

# ======= REST Framework全局设置 ===========
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
 # ==== 设置全局的Filter_Backends ====
 'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': [
 'django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',
 'rest_framework.filters.SearchFilter',
 ],
 # ===== 设置分页 ===============
 'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
 'PAGE_SIZE': 10
}

还有一种为:按需分页

apps\DrawingManagementSystem下新建paginations.py

代码如下:

# ========== 导入 ===========
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
class MyPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination):
 page_size = 5
 page_query_param = "page"
 page_size_query_param = 'size'
 max_page_size = 50

在apps\DrawingManagementSystem\views.py中加入:

from DrawingManagementSystem.paginations import MyPageNumberPagination
###
###
###
# ---Sensor视图---
class DrawingViewSet(ModelViewSet):
 queryset = Drawing.objects.all()
 serializer_class = DrawingSerialzer
 pagination_class = MyPageNumberPagination
 # 指定筛选的类
 filter_class = DrawingFilter
 # 指定查找匹配的字段
 search_fields = ('drawing_name', 'material_code', 'drawing_spec', 'drawing_client_id')

效果如下:

9、添加Swagger文档

记得在setting中注册

INSTALLED_APPS = [
 'django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'DrawingManagementSystem',
 'rest_framework',
 'django_filters',
 'drf_yasg',
]

效果如下:

想要中文注释

效果如下:

作者:重拾初心的青年人原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lightwower/p/17428880.html

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