SQLite _ Java

安装

在 Java 程序中使用 SQLite 之前,我们需要确保机器上已经有 SQLite JDBC Driver 驱动程序和 Java。可以查看 Java 教程了解如何在计算机上安装 Java。现在,我们来看看如何在机器上安装 SQLite JDBC 驱动程序。

  • sqlite-jdbc 库下载 sqlite-jdbc-(VERSION).jar 的最新版本。

  • 在您的 class 路径中添加下载的 jar 文件 sqlite-jdbc-(VERSION).jar,或者在 -classpath 选项中使用它,这将在后面的实例中进行讲解。

在学习下面部分的知识之前,您必须对 Java JDBC 概念有初步了解。如果您还未了解相关知识,那么建议您可以先花半个小时学习下 JDBC 教程相关知识,这将有助于您学习接下来讲解的知识。

连接数据库

下面的 Java 程序显示了如何连接到一个现有的数据库。如果数据库不存在,那么它就会被创建,最后将返回一个数据库对象。

import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC
{
 public static void main( String args[] )
 {
 Connection c = null;
 try {
 Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
 c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
 } catch ( Exception e ) {
 System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
 System.exit(0);
 }
 System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
 }
}

现在,让我们来编译和运行上面的程序,在当前目录中创建我们的数据库 test.db。您可以根据需要改变路径。我们假设当前路径下可用的 JDBC 驱动程序的版本是 sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar

$javac SQLiteJDBC.java
$java -classpath ".:sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar" SQLiteJDBC
Open database successfully

如果您想要使用 Windows 机器,可以按照下列所示编译和运行您的代码:

$javac SQLiteJDBC.java
$java -classpath ".;sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar" SQLiteJDBC
Opened database successfully

创建表

下面的 Java 程序将用于在先前创建的数据库中创建一个表:

import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC
{
 public static void main( String args[] )
 {
 Connection c = null;
 Statement stmt = null;
 try {
 Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
 c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
 System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
 stmt = c.createStatement();
 String sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY " +
 "(ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL," +
 " NAME TEXT NOT NULL, " + 
 " AGE INT NOT NULL, " + 
 " ADDRESS CHAR(50), " + 
 " SALARY REAL)"; 
 stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
 stmt.close();
 c.close();
 } catch ( Exception e ) {
 System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
 System.exit(0);
 }
 System.out.println("Table created successfully");
 }
}

上述程序编译和执行时,它会在 test.db 中创建 COMPANY 表,最终文件列表如下所示:

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3201128 Jan 22 19:04 sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1506 May 8 05:43 SQLiteJDBC.class
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 832 May 8 05:42 SQLiteJDBC.java
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3072 May 8 05:43 test.db

INSERT 操作

下面的 Java 代码显示了如何在上面创建的 COMPANY 表中创建记录:

import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC
{
 public static void main( String args[] )
 {
 Connection c = null;
 Statement stmt = null;
 try {
 Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
 c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
 c.setAutoCommit(false);
 System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
 stmt = c.createStatement();
 String sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
 "VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 );"; 
 stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
 sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
 "VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 );"; 
 stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
 sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
 "VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );"; 
 stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
 sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
 "VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );"; 
 stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
 stmt.close();
 c.commit();
 c.close();
 } catch ( Exception e ) {
 System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
 System.exit(0);
 }
 System.out.println("Records created successfully");
 }
}

上述程序编译和执行时,它会在 COMPANY 表中创建给定记录,并会显示以下两行:

Opened database successfully
Records created successfully

SELECT 操作

下面的 Java 程序显示了如何从前面创建的 COMPANY 表中获取并显示记录:

import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC
{
 public static void main( String args[] )
 {
 Connection c = null;
 Statement stmt = null;
 try {
 Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
 c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
 c.setAutoCommit(false);
 System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
 stmt = c.createStatement();
 ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
 while ( rs.next() ) {
 int id = rs.getInt("id");
 String name = rs.getString("name");
 int age = rs.getInt("age");
 String address = rs.getString("address");
 float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
 System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
 System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
 System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
 System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
 System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
 System.out.println();
 }
 rs.close();
 stmt.close();
 c.close();
 } catch ( Exception e ) {
 System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
 System.exit(0);
 }
 System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
 }
}

上述程序编译和执行时,它会产生以下结果:

Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000.0
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0
Operation done successfully

UPDATE 操作

下面的 Java 代码显示了如何使用 UPDATE 语句来更新任何记录,然后从 COMPANY 表中获取并显示更新的记录:

import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC
{
 public static void main( String args[] )
 {
 Connection c = null;
 Statement stmt = null;
 try {
 Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
 c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
 c.setAutoCommit(false);
 System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
 stmt = c.createStatement();
 String sql = "UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;";
 stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
 c.commit();
 ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
 while ( rs.next() ) {
 int id = rs.getInt("id");
 String name = rs.getString("name");
 int age = rs.getInt("age");
 String address = rs.getString("address");
 float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
 System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
 System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
 System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
 System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
 System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
 System.out.println();
 }
 rs.close();
 stmt.close();
 c.close();
 } catch ( Exception e ) {
 System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
 System.exit(0);
 }
 System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
 }
}

上述程序编译和执行时,它会产生以下结果:

Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 25000.0
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000.0
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0
Operation done successfully

DELETE 操作

下面的 Java 代码显示了如何使用 DELETE 语句删除任何记录,然后从 COMPANY 表中获取并显示剩余的记录:

import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC
{
 public static void main( String args[] )
 {
 Connection c = null;
 Statement stmt = null;
 try {
 Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
 c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
 c.setAutoCommit(false);
 System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
 stmt = c.createStatement();
 String sql = "DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;";
 stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
 c.commit();
 ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
 while ( rs.next() ) {
 int id = rs.getInt("id");
 String name = rs.getString("name");
 int age = rs.getInt("age");
 String address = rs.getString("address");
 float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
 System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
 System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
 System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
 System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
 System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
 System.out.println();
 }
 rs.close();
 stmt.close();
 c.close();
 } catch ( Exception e ) {
 System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
 System.exit(0);
 }
 System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
 }
}

上述程序编译和执行时,它会产生以下结果:

Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 25000.0
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0
Operation done successfully

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